江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語知識點匯總
介詞短語的語法功能
介詞不能獨立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個成分,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語:The book on the table is mine.
This is his reply to your letter. 這是他給你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 這是做此事最好的方法。
2、作狀語:We have breakfast at seven.(表時間);
They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);
They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
Don’t touch it with your hands. 別用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你這樣做是有意的還是無意的?
3、作表語:My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語:I found him in the office.
I found everything in good condition. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一切正常。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
易混淆介詞區(qū)別
1. 表示地點位置的介詞
1) at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁邊”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”。
on 表示毗鄰,接壤
to 表示在……范圍外,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2) above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直,與 below 相對;
over 指垂直的上方,與 under 相對,但 over 與物體有一定的空間,不直接接觸。
on 表示某物體上面并與之接觸。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3) below, under 在……下面
under 表示在…正下方
below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line
2. 表示時間的介詞
1) in , on,at 在……時
in 表示較長時間,如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20 th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。
on 表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。
如 on May 1 st , on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。
at 表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間,或泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。
如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意:在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如:We meet every day.
2) in, after 在……之后
“in +一段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后;
“after+一段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后;
“after+將來點時間”表示將來的某一時刻以后。
3) from, since 自從……
from 僅說明什么時候開始,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久;
since 表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻,通常與完成時連用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4) after, behind 在……之后
after 主要用于表示時間;
behind 主要用于表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
3. 表運動方向的介詞:across, through 通過,穿過
across 表示橫過,即從物體表面通過,與 on 有關(guān);
through 穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過,與 in 有關(guān);
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
4. 表示 “ 在 …… 之間 ” 的介詞:between, among
between 指在兩個人或兩個事物之間;
among 指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
注意:但有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系,適用于 between。
如:Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物,而把它們視為分居兩邊時用 between。
如:The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時,總是用 between。
如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
5. 表示其他意義的介詞
1) on ,about 關(guān)于
on :表示這本書,這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的,或?qū)W術(shù)性的,可供專門研究這一問題的人
about: 表示內(nèi)容較為普通,不那么正式。
2 ) by, with, in :表示方法、手段、工具
with : 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具體的工具和手段;
in : 表示用…方式,用…語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等;
3) except, besides 除了
except 除……之外,不包括在內(nèi);
besides 除……之外,包括在內(nèi)。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
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